What is piston/how piston work/piston's functions.

 PISTON  A piston of an internal combustion engine is in the form of an inverted bucket shape and it is free to slide in the cylinder barrel. The gas tightness is secured by means of flexible piston rings, which are in the grooves of the piston. These grooves are cut in the upper part of the piston. A piston of an internal combustion engine serves three functions: 1. It forms a moveable wall of the combustion chamber. 2. It transmits...

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What is crankcase/types of crankceses/how crankcases work

 CRANKCASE :        The crankcase supports the cylinders and the crankshaft and is an important structure in the internal combustion engine. It also functions like a housing and protects the engine parts against dust, water and splashing mud. The crankcase stores lubricating oil required for lubricating the engine parts.       The size of a crankcase is sufficiently large as it accommodates...

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What is Cylinder liner/ materials for cylinder liners/types of liners/Comparison the Liners

  CYLINDER LINER         The cylinder liner is a sleeve in which the piston of an engine reciprocates. The life of a cylinder between its re-bores depends two main factors:  (i) Abrasion, and (ii) Corrosion         Abrasion depends on the atmospheric con- dition and the efficiency of the air filter and oil filter. Dusty atmospheric air is more harm- ful as it increases abrasion...

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What is supercharger/ how supercharger work/ types of superchargers.

 Supercharger:        A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do work, thus increasing power.         Power for the supercharger can be provided mechanically by means of a belt, gear, shaft, or chain connected...

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Types of Carburetors / Constant Choke Carburetor / Constant Vacuum Carburetor / Multiple Venturi Carburetor

 Types of Carburetors:        There are three general types of carburetors depending on the direction of flow of air. The first is the up draught type shown in Fig.1 (a) in which the air enters at the bottom and leaves at the top so that the direction of its flow is upwards. The disadvantage of the up draught carburetor is that it must lift the sprayed fuel droplet by air friction. Hence, it must be designed for relatively...

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Fuel Injection system for SI engines /Carburetion /Factors Affecting Carburetion/Definition of Carburetor/Principle of Carburetion

 Fuel Injection system for SI engines:1.1. CarburetionSpark-ignition engines normally use volatile liquid fuels.Preparation of fuel-air mixture is done outside the engine cylinder and formation of a homogeneous mixture is normally not completed in the inlet manifold. Fuel droplets, which remain in suspension, continue to evaporate and mix with air even during suction and compression processes. The process of mixture preparation is extremely...

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CRDI - (Common rail fuel injection system) / CRDI Working Principle.

 CRDI - Common rail fuel injection system:         Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines. On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure (over 1,000 baror 100 MPa or 15,000 psi) fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). Third-generation common...

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CYLINDER BLOCKS

  CYLINDER BLOCKS           All the major engine components, are installed on or in the engine block. These components including the cylinder bores, are machined very precisely. They must be thick enough to contain the pressure of the burning fuel mixture. A tight fit must be ensured between the cylinder base and the piston rings to enable the piston rings to seal the combustible gas. If the...

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Automatic Transmission / automobile gearbox /Automatic Transmission Modes/ Automatic Transmission Parts

 Automatic Transmission:          An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto") is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually.  Automatic Transmission Modes:          In order to select the mode, the driver would have to move a gear shift lever located...

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What is Differential Unit ? How Differential Unit work.

 Differential Unit:Differentials are a variety of gearbox, almost always used in one of two ways. In one of these, it receives one input and provides two outputs: this is found in every automobile. In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds, while supplying equal torque to each of them. In the other, less commonly encountered, it combines two inputs to create an...

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HOW DRIVE SHAFT WORK

 The Drive Shaft.The drive shaft, or propeller shaft, connects the transmission output shaft to the differential pinion shaft. Since all roads are not perfectly smooth, and the transmission is fixed, the drive shaft has to be flexible to absorb the shock of bumps in the road. Universal, or "U-joints" allow the drive shaft to flex (and stop it from breaking) when the drive angle changes.Drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less,...

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HOW U-Joint WORK ?

 U- Joint:Hooke's joint is a linkage that transmits rotation between two non parallel shafts whose axes are coplanar but not coinciding., and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion. It is used in automobiles where it is used to transmit power from the gear box of the engine to the rear axle.The driving shaft rotates at a uniform angular speed, where as the driven shaft rotates at a continuously varying angular speed.   ...

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HOW INTERCOOLER WORKS

 HOW INTERCOOLER WORKS An intercooler is a heat exchanger that’s fitted between the engine’s super or turbo charger and the intake manifold. Its job is to absorb and dissipate the heat in the charge air in order to provide the engine with the coolest and most dense air possible. Air has a mass or a weight that changes based on the temperature and pressure of the air. The lower the temperature – the higher the mass. The higher the pressure...

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What is alternator and what works?

 What is alternator and what works? An alternator is a type of electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into alternating electric energy.  Hence it is also called synchronous generators or AC generator.  If you have a car or a heavy and big vehicle, then if your headlights are slightly dimmed, and your car is not always starting.  And you are worried because what is the reason for this, then maybe the cause of alternator...

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STARTING SYSTEM: COMPONENTS AND WORKING PRINCIPLES

STARTING SYSTEM: COMPONENTS AND WORKING PRINCIPLESThe engine can’t “start” rotational movement on its own. It needs an electric motor to get it up to a minimal RPM to run, then the engine can run under its power. The starter is the biggest load on the vehicle's electrical system. We cannot simply run all that current through the ignition switch, in most systems a relay is used to activate the starter solenoid, and the starter solenoid itself acts...

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WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

 WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER AND HOW DOES IT WORK? A turbocharger is a device fitted to a vehicle’s engine that is designed to improve the overall efficiency and increase performance. This is the reason why many auto manufacturers are choosing to turbocharge their vehicles. The new Chevrolet Trax and Equinox are both offered with turbocharged engines and as time goes on, more and more vehicles will be fitted with them. How does it work ?A turbo...

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how gearbox manual transmission work

 Car Transmission systemmanual transmission The transmission system is a mechanism that transmits power from the engine to the driving wheels. It transmits power and torque through the clutch, gear-box, propeller shaft, a differential. By gearbox, it gives four, five or six different ratios of torque output to torque input.                      Gear Box regulates speed, torque and direction...

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