STARTING SYSTEM: COMPONENTS AND WORKING PRINCIPLES

The engine can’t “start” rotational movement on its own. It needs an electric motor to get it up to a minimal RPM to run, then the engine can run under its power. The starter is the biggest load on the vehicle's electrical system. We cannot simply run all that current through the ignition switch, in most systems a relay is used to activate the starter solenoid, and the starter solenoid itself acts as another relay to engage the starter motor (explained later). Before electric starters, automobile owners needed to crank the engine over themselves! This was not ideal for any kind of quick getaway.

The starter motor is an electric motor that rotates your engine to allow the spark and fuel injection systems to begin the engine's operation under its power. Typically, the starter is a large electric motor and stator coil mounted to the bottom (generally to one side) of the vehicle's transmission bell housing where it connects to the engine itself. The starter has gears that mesh with a large flywheel gear on the backside of the engine, which turns the central crankshaft. Because this is a lot of physical weight and friction to overcome, starter motors are generally powerful, high-speed motors and use an ignition coil to ramp up their power before engaging.


COMPONENTS OF STARTING SYSTEM

1. Battery

2. Ignition Switch

3. Neutral Safety Switch

4. Starter Relay

5. Battery Cables

6. Starter Motor

Starter motor parts

1. Starter Solenoid

2. Starter Motor

3. Starter Drive Pinion

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 WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

A turbocharger is a device fitted to a vehicle’s engine that is designed to improve the overall efficiency and increase performance. This is the reason why many auto manufacturers are choosing to turbocharge their vehicles. The new Chevrolet Trax and Equinox are both offered with turbocharged engines and as time goes on, more and more vehicles will be fitted with them.

How does it work ?

A turbo is made up of two halves joined together by a shaft. On one side, hot exhaust gasses spin the turbine that is connected to another turbine which sucks air in and compresses it into the engine. This compression is what gives the engine the extra power and efficiency because as more air can go in the combustion chamber, more fuel can be added for more power.

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how gearbox manual transmission work

 Car Transmission system

manual transmission

The transmission system is a mechanism that transmits power from the engine to the driving wheels. It transmits power and torque through the clutch, gear-box, propeller shaft, a differential. By gearbox, it gives four, five or six different ratios of torque output to torque input.

           

          

Gear Box regulates speed, torque and direction of the vehicle. Torque output will be the inverse of the speed of the vehicle. If the engine is directly coupled to the driving axle, the engine speed might be very low. At starting a vehicle needs more torque and less speed. If the driver increase speed it needs less torque. Gear Box provides this transition very smoothly.

  

It provides the necessary holding variation between the engine and the road wheels.

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how things work ECU

What Is An ECU?

      

Quite simply put ECU is a device that controls all the electronic features in a car. This may range from fuel injection to maintaining perfect cabin temperature to controlling braking and suspension. Some vehicles have multiple ECU controlling different features while some have a single one controlling everything

Types Of ECU

With vehicles having multiple ECU they are divided on what tasks they perform. Some of these types are as follows.

• Engine Control Module 
  
  
  

With its sensors, the ECM ensures the amount of fuel and ignition timing necessary to get the most power and economy out of the engine.

• Brake Control Module
  
  
  

Used in vehicles with ABS, the BCM makes sure that the wheels are not skidding and determine when to trigger braking and let go of the brake to ensure the wheels don’t lock up.

• Transmission Control Module
  
  
  

Used on an automatic vehicle, the TCM ensures you get the smoothest shifts possible by assessing the engine RPM and acceleration of the car.

• Telematic Control Module
  
  
  

Another one with the same abbreviation this TCU ensures the car onboard services are up and running. It controls the satellite navigation and Internet and phone connectivity of the vehicle.

• Suspension Control Module
  
  
  

Present in Cars with active suspension systems, the SCM ensures the correct ride height and optimal changes to suspension depending on the driving condition.

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The purpose of car fuel system

Car fuel system`s purpose is supply fuel from fuel tank to the engine cylinder. Also this system provides the fuel storage and cleaning before admission to the cylinder.

The base fuel system has next main elements:

Fuel tank 

it is a fuel storage reservoir. The fuel tank of modern cars is a difficult system, which includes next elements: reservoir, fuel neck, fuel gauge, fuel pump, and others.

Fuel Pipeline system 

these is pipelines that provide fuel supply to other fuel elements

Fuel pump  

is a device which pumping the fuel from tank to the engine; Fuel pump of modern injection systems creates enough high pressure. Electrical fuel pumps are common using on the modern car. Diesel engine pumps can be two types of: low and high pressure. Typically high pressure pump are used on the diesel engine.

Fuel filter (or filters)

There are two types of fuel filters, like coarse fuel filter and fine fuel filter; The purpose of filters are cleaning of fuel from different types of dirty, dusty and so on.

Fuel injection device or Carburetor.

 It is device in which supply fuel and air to creating air-fuel mixture.

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 How The Lubrication System Works In An Engine?

The first task of oil in the engine is to keep the things oily so they could not get dry. Just think for a while if the eardrum-piercing sounds of metal pistons screeching up and down inside a dry cylinder. It will be so annoying, isn’t it?
There are pleasant effects of keeping the engine lubricated with automotive lubricants There is little friction, which makes a sense that engine has to make little effort to keep it running. So, it means that it is able to skate on less fuel can run at the lower temperature. And this means that less wear and tear on the engine parts. Engine needs to fill with clean oil so it can perform well.
Never get fooled by the term “lubrication”, sometimes when you go to the local quick lube work shop, they recommend you are supposed to have a “lube job”. That is certainly not an oil change. That absolutely means oiling the chassis and suspension system. None of them shares the oil with lubrication system in engine.

Lubrication system

The Engine lubrication system is considered to give a flow to the clean oil at the accurate temperature, with a appropriate pressure to each part of the engine. The oil is sucked out into the pump from the sump, as a heart of the system, than forced between the oil filter and pressure is fed to the main bearings and also to the oil pressure gauge. The oil passes through the main bearings feed- holes into the drilled passages which is in the crankshaft and on to the bearings of the connecting rod. The bearings of the piston-pin and cylinder walls get lubricated oil which dispersed by the rotating crankshaft. By the lower ring in the piston the excess being scraped. Each camshaft bearing is fed by the main supply passage from a branch or tributary. And there is another branch which supplies the gears or timing chain on the drive of camshaft. The oil which is excesses then drains back to the sump, where the heat is being transferred to the surrounding air.

Oil gallery

Oil cooler

Oil filter

Oil pan or oil sump

Oil pump

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How things work engine cooling system

COOLING SYSTEM 

An automobiles cooling system is the collection of parts and substances (coolants) that work together to maintain the engines temperature to optimum levels. Comprising many different components such as water pump, coolant, a thermostat etc. the system enables smooth and efficient functioning of the engine at the same time protecting it from damage.

MAJOR COMPONENT LIST

1. Water Pump
2. Radiator
3. Water Jacket
4. Thermostat

• Water Pump
  
  
  

The purpose of a car water pump is to push coolant through the car's engine block, radiator and hoses to get the engine heat away from the system. Most frequently, the water pump drives off the crankshaft itself.

• Radiator
  
  
  

Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston engine aircraft, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generating plant or any similar use of such an engine.

• Water Jacket
  
  
  

It is designed to keep engine block and cylinder head cool. When engine is running at normal operating temperature, the coolant is forced through the water jackets in the engine block, through the head gasket, into the head and back to the radiator.

• Thermostat
  
  
  

A thermostat is a component which senses the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired set point.

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